The acromio-clavicular joint is between the clavicle (collar bone) and the acromion (shoulder bone).  This injury usually results from a fall onto the tip of the shoulder or on to the back of the shoulder.  The acromion is driven downwards and the tip of the clavicle remains behind; this results in tears of ligaments which normally hold them together (Figure…

The shoulder consists of a ball (humeral head) and a socket (glenoid).  The muscles around the shoulder act to elevate the arm.  The large outside muscle is the deltoid and deep to that is the rotator cuff – this is a combined tendon and inserts into a prominence on the humeral head known as the greater tuberosity.  Four muscles contribute…

A calcium deposit appears in one of the tendons of the shoulder. The cause is unknown and not related to injury, diet or osteoporosis. The patient most commonly affected is a female 40-50 years of age, but other age groups and males are regularly affected. The calcium deposit is a paste-like material in the tendon and not a hard object…

INSTABILITY : means that the shoulder dislocates completely (dislocation) or partially (subluxation). ANATOMY : The shoulder consists of a ball (humeral head) and socket (glenoid). The ball is stabilized in the socket by a cartilage rim (“labrum”, which means “lip”) and the ligaments, which attach to the labrum. In other words these ligaments attach to the socket on the one side and…

Frozen Shoulder is a condition with no known cause in the majority of cases, with spontaneous onset.  It is most common in females (40-50 years) but could affect males and other age groups.  It may follow injuries, operations or be associated with medical conditions like diabetes mellitus. It is referred to as “adhesive capsulitis” suggesting that the capsule is inflamed…